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Parents of a future first-grader need to understand modern educational programs for elementary grades. Unlike the Soviet era, when everyone studied from the same textbooks, now teachers and parents have a choice of how the child will receive all the necessary knowledge. And it will depend on the system of education, according to which the student will study in the primary grades.

What to choose when there are definitely several schools near the house that teach children according to different systems? Even within the same school, primary school teachers themselves choose which program to work with, and children from parallel classes can study according to different educational and methodological complexes.

Currently, there are several educational systems simultaneously that meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards). Each of them has its own characteristics, but in general, the systems are divided into traditional and developing. Most schools choose traditional educational programs, such as "School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI century", "School 2010", "Harmony", "Perspective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective" . But be prepared for the fact that, perhaps, your child will be offered to study under the developmental programs of Zankov or Elkonin-Davydov. Of course, one should not think that traditional programs are not involved in the development of the student, the name is rather conditional. In general terms, we can say that these types of systems differ in their approach: traditional programs offer an explanatory and illustrative approach to teaching a child, while developing ones offer an active one.

All the programs mentioned above are focused on a single educational standard, however, each system has its own way of presenting information and priorities. They differ in the curriculum itself, the degree of workload of the child, the involvement of the parent in the learning process, as well as the overall complexity. Each system offers its own educational and methodological complex, in other words, sets of textbooks, workbooks and didactic materials in all subjects.

The most popular among schools are such educational and methodological complexes as "School of Russia", "Perspektva", "School 2100", "Planet of Knowledge" and "Harmony".

"School of Russia" is considered a classic program. In fact, this is the same system that, with minor changes, was taught in Soviet times. It is designed for the average level, so that every child can easily master such a program. Mathematics develops computational skills, logic and thinking in equal proportions, the Russian language is presented in a standard way: the development of oral and written speech and literate writing skills are balanced. At the same time, one can especially highlight the study of the "World Around" according to the textbooks of A. A. Pleshakov. The advantage of the course is that the development of the surrounding world is positioned as a project that the child implements together with his parents.

Another educational and methodological complex that is especially popular is "Perspective". This program is most suitable for children with a mathematical mindset. This WCU is quite complex and will require parents to actively participate in the education of the child. The main advantage of "Perspective" can be called mathematics lessons, which are built on educational materials. Mathematics is given with elements of geometry and algebra, which allows the child to smoothly move into high school.

UMK "School 2100" is built in such a way that children can learn at different levels of complexity. All educational materials contain a maximum of additional information that the child can learn with such a need. This program allows the teacher to adjust the level of complexity of the presentation of the material and apply an individual approach to teaching without switching to another teaching materials.

The Planet of Knowledge program is considered quite complex, since it was originally developed and used in gymnasium classes, but it is also very popular with teachers and parents. The main advantage of this WMC is its focus on the child. His ability to reason is actively stimulated, whether it is an emphasis on logic in the study of mathematics or literary reading, which involves the emergence of a dialogue between a child and an adult. As in "School 2100", the "Planet of Knowledge" textbooks contain tasks of different levels: from basic to creative search.

The main principle of EMC "Harmony" is comfortable learning at the intersection of traditional and developing teaching methods. Children initially develop the skills of analysis, classification, comparison and generalization. At the lessons, many problematic developmental tasks are given, which form the ability of students to think, the ability to independently draw conclusions. One of the main advantages of the program is targeted preparation for a smooth transition from primary to secondary school.

You can understand the visual difference between one educational system and another by studying the teaching materials offered by the program in one place. On the website of the online bookstore "Labyrinth" there is a special section "School Guru", in which you can make a selection of goods by educational program, by subject, type of educational material (textbooks, workbooks, visual aids) or by class. With the help of this section, you can both study the proposed program materials and collect the necessary set of literature when the issue of choosing an educational system has already been resolved.

It should be borne in mind that all EMC programs are regularly revised taking into account current trends, so even if you are not sending your first child to school, keep in mind that the authors of textbooks or the concept of teaching in general could have changed in a few years. The educational materials themselves can change significantly, therefore, as a rule, it becomes necessary to buy all the materials of the educational and methodological complex for the class from scratch. The teacher who is currently working on the program will be able to say with confidence how exactly the EMC looks like at the moment and what textbooks and workbooks need to be purchased for the child.

When choosing a school for a child, parents take into account many factors: location, traditions, educational bias of the school, reviews. Now this list has been replenished with another important item: the training program.

There are currently a variety of work programs for each link of the school from grades 1-11 . As a rule, educational institutions choose several educational programs, especially in the primary grades, and parallel classes are taught according to different teaching materials.

Today, parents need to know: How to choose the right educational program and how do they differ? This issue is especially relevant in elementary school, because it depends on how successfully the child will study.

Let's make a reservation right away: it is incorrect to divide programs into "bad and good". All primary school programs according to the Federal State Educational Standards are approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. They are simply designed for different ways of perception and take into account the peculiarities of the child's thinking. One thing in common: all programs allow the student to master the necessary minimum knowledge for elementary school. The difference is in the presentation of the material, in the organization of educational activities, in the variety of exercises.

Educational programs for elementary school

1. Program "School of Russia"(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov) is one of the oldest and time-tested programs. Since Soviet times, the program has been improved more than once, adapted to the realities of the new time.

Designed for all children and allows you to carefully work out the skills of writing, reading and counting.

2. The program "Primary school of the XXI century"(Edited by N. F. Vinogradova). The material is complex, designed for erudite children. The program teaches independence, a lot of work is being done to foster interest in the learning process, the ability to properly organize learning. There are many additional materials and exercises aimed at developing memory , logic, outlook, fantasy.Each student can study at the chosen pace, as tasks of different levels of complexity and different directions are provided.

The main goal of the program is to teach the child to learn.

3. Program "Primary Perspective School". Features: there is no need to cram rules, theorems and axioms. The emphasis is on the development of logic, intelligence and analytical thinking. There are additional hours for drawing, music, physical education.

Suitable for any child, regardless of his level of readiness for school.

4. Program "School 2100"(under the editorship of A. A. Leontiev). This program is gaining more and more fans. The undoubted advantage of the program is the continuity of education, since it can be used from the age of 3 until graduation.

Feature of the program: educational material is given to the maximum, varied, multi-level. The student himself chooses how much knowledge will be sufficient. An individual approach is used for each child.

Suitable for all children.

5. "Harmony"(under the editorship of N. B. Istomin). The program involves close cooperation with parents. Many topics are suggested to be discussed first at home. Much attention is paid to the development of self-education skills.

Priority is given to independent work of students. Techniques of observation, selection, transformation and construction are actively involved. All material is presented in a variety of ways, taking into account the students' own experience, the practical orientation of knowledge.

Suitable for children with analytical thinking and a penchant for technical sciences.

6. "Planet of Knowledge"- focused on the development of creative abilities. In the course of the teaching, schoolchildren compose fairy tales themselves, put on performances, carry out projects, and make presentations.

Gives the necessary minimum of knowledge, skills and abilities. Everything beyond the program is at the request of the students.

Suitable for children with a humanitarian bias.

7. Primary school program "Perspective". Here, much attention is paid to the education of children as citizens of their country, the formation of moral positions.

Many tasks are aimed at developing logic and imagination. A huge amount of additional material is used, for each subject there are several manuals. The principle of teaching is dialectical. The presentation of the material is accessible, although sometimes boring.

Suitable for all children, regardless of their readiness for school.

8. L. V. Zankov's program. The system includes a huge amount of material. All lessons are equivalent, great attention is paid to the development of logic, analytical thinking, independent work skills. There are electives in computer science, economics, foreign languages. Training is carried out at a fast pace.

Suitable for children well prepared for school.

9. Elkonin - Davydov program. A rather ambiguous program, but very interesting for children. Much attention is paid to theoretical thinking, the construction of tasks, problematic issues and the search for their resolution. Learning is slow. Of the minuses, only a discrepancy in some of the terms studied can be noted. So, for example, the authors of textbooks call verbs words of action, and nouns - words-objects. This creates certain difficulties in the upper grades.

Dedicated to parents of future first-graders...

You often hear: "We study according to Vinogradova ...", "And in our class they teach according to Zankov." Unfortunately, most parents can only name the author of the curriculum, others will say “we were praised for it”, others, perhaps, will talk about specific pros and cons. But in general, the average parent hardly understands how all these programs differ. And no wonder. It is really difficult to get through the scientific style and terminology of pedagogical texts.

So let's get together and try to understand.

First, there is a pedagogical system and a pedagogical program.

There are only three systems: Zankov system(developing), Elkonin-Davydov system(developing) and traditional(see Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of October 21, 2004 N 93).

There are much more programs. In addition to the officially recognized, there are many experimental systems, as well as copyright, intra-school, which we will not consider in this article.

Schematically it will look something like this:

All systems and programs approved by the Ministry of Education meet the main requirement: they allow the student to acquire the required minimum of knowledge. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting material, additional information, organization of educational activities.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: Since the program, as conceived by the authors, has something in common with the Elkonin-Davydov system, all the qualities that were described above will come in handy. But since this is still a traditional program designed for the "average student", almost any child will be able to successfully learn from it.

"School of Russia" (Pleshakov)

This is the elementary school kit that we all learned from, with some modifications.

Target: as citizens of Russia. The Russian school should become a school of spiritual and moral development.

Tasks. The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks:

• development in a child of human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, ability to empathize, readiness to help another
• teaching a child conscious reading, writing and counting, correct speech, instilling certain labor and health-saving skills, teaching the basics of safe life
• formation of natural motivation for learning

Principles: fundamentality, reliability, stability, openness to new things.

Problem-search approach. It provides for the creation of problem situations, making assumptions, searching for evidence, formulating conclusions, comparing results with a standard.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program: No special qualities are required from the child. Of course, the more abilities developed in a child, the better. For example, the ability to self-esteem, willingness to work in problem situations is useful. But according to this program, even the most unprepared children for school study well.

"Harmony" edited by N. B. Istomina

This system correlates with the main ideas of developmental education and, in particular, with the Zankov system, in which Natalya Borisovna Istomina herself worked for a very long time.

Target: multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the mental apparatus of the child for further learning. Overcoming the differences between traditional and developmental learning patterns.

Tasks: ensure that the child understands the issues being studied, create conditions for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student and children with each other, create situations for each student to succeed in cognitive activity.

Principles: organization of educational activities of students associated with the formulation of an educational task, with its solution, self-control and self-assessment; organization of productive communication, which is a necessary condition for the formation of educational activities; the formation of concepts that provide, at a level accessible to primary school age, awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the requirements for the features of the child's thought process follow from the connection with the Zankov system declared by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements imposed on the student by the Zankov program.

http://nsc.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200300905 - very good, with examples, information about the program.

"Primary school of the 21st century" (Vinogradova)

Target: organization of educational activities of younger students in such a way as to provide comfortable conditions for the development of the child in the process of mastering knowledge, skills and abilities.

Tasks:

• the formation of the main components of learning activity (if we discuss the position of a student, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this learning task”, “how do I complete the learning task and how do I do it”, “ what are my successes and what am I not succeeding in?”
• organization of the educational process in such a way as to ensure a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

Principles: the main principle of education is that the elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization. A schoolchild is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”.

Content: in accordance with the main principle (conformity to nature), the authors paid special attention to the implementation of the function of "soft" adaptation of children to new activities. A system has been developed for using role-playing in teaching, which makes it possible to develop various facets of role-playing behavior, and hence the imagination and creativity of the student. All textbooks provide additional educational content, giving everyone the opportunity to work in accordance with their abilities (for example, introducing interesting texts into the textbook from the very beginning of learning on the material of the full alphabet for well-read children).

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: based on the principles, it can be assumed that under this program it will be comfortable for children who need soft adaptation to everything new for them, whether it be a team or type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

The choice is ours. I hope you and I managed to figure out at least approximately “what kind of animal this is” - the program. And now we will be able to consciously approach the choice of school, class, teacher. We can roughly imagine what questions to ask in order to assess whether a given teacher in a given school will be able to fully implement the principles of the chosen program ... We will be able to properly prepare the child for the start of school, taking into account, if possible, the inclinations and nature of our little, but personalities.

Elena Aristarkhova

One of the main distinguishing features of the modern Russian education system from the Soviet one is a wide variety of primary school education programs. If in Soviet schools all children studied according to the same textbooks (respectively, according to one program), today teachers and parents can choose for themselves how the student will receive the necessary knowledge.

One of the main distinguishing features of the modern Russian education system from the Soviet one is a wide variety of primary school curriculum. If in Soviet schools all children studied according to the same textbooks (respectively, according to one program), today teachers and parents can choose for themselves how the student will receive the necessary knowledge. Therefore, parents of future first-graders will have a difficult choice not only of the most suitable school for their child, but also the best, in their opinion, educational program.

And the choice will be really difficult, since today different educational and methodological complexes (TMC) are used even within the same educational institution. In other words, all elementary grades in the same school may follow completely different curricula. In order to make your choice at least a little easier, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with an overview of the main primary school educational programs that exist today.

Traditional and developmental primary school programs

All modern primary school programs can be divided into traditional and developing. Please note that we did not accidentally use the word "conditionally". Despite the fact that each of the programs has its own characteristics, they are all based on a developmental-active approach to teaching a child, and the traditional program is just as concerned with the development of the child's personality as the developmental one. Naturally, you may have a reasonable question: "Why then is it necessary to classify training programs if they all solve the same problem?"

The fact is that the concept of "developing training program" appeared at a time when education was received in all schools according to one program. According to some experts, this program did not fully correspond to the age and psychological characteristics of children. Therefore, they developed their own learning systems, designed not only to provide basic knowledge, but also to develop imagination, thinking and memory in schoolchildren. As a result, all systems of education alternative to the classical program received the general name "developing".

At the same time, other specialists focused their efforts on updating the traditional program in accordance with modern requirements and trends. Thus, the traditional programs now presented in Russian schools practically do not differ from the developing ones, and in some cases even surpass them. It should be noted that both traditional and developing elementary school programs fully meet the requirements of the FGOS.

So, what are the main teaching materials now presented in Russian primary schools?

Program "School of Russia"

The National Education Program is the same program that all schoolchildren from the times of the USSR studied, albeit with minor changes. The main idea of ​​the program is to create a school of spiritual and moral development. This EMC is based on problem-search and personality-oriented approaches, and the module of the program involves, first of all, the education of citizens. The program is aimed at developing interest in the history of their country and its significance on a global scale. The most important component of this training program is the development of a child's nature-saving "sense of home", as well as environmental ethics, aimed at the moral and spiritual self-development of the student. It is designed for the average level, so almost every child can master it.

Program "Primary School of the 21st Century"

One of the most popular educational programs, which is used in most subjects of Russia. Popularity programs Primary school of the 21st century for the most part due to the fact that the team of authors of its developers was awarded the prize of the President of the Russian Federation. The main distinguishing feature of this EMC was the construction of a system of targeted pedagogical diagnostics of primary school students, which allows not only to determine the readiness of the child for school, but also to note the strength of assimilation of the acquired knowledge. The principle of teaching this program is built in accordance with the needs of children, as well as taking into account their individual characteristics and level of socialization. It is designed for the average level, so almost every child can master it.

Program "Harmony"

A training program in which the authors combined the main traditional and developmental teaching methods. The main goal of this EMC is the comprehensive development of the student and his preparation for further education. The program is aimed at developing the skills of analysis, comparison, classification and generalization of the acquired knowledge, therefore, a large number of problematic developmental tasks are given in the classroom, which form the student's ability to think and draw independent conclusions. Designed for an above average level, so it can be mastered by most children.

Program "School 2100"

Primary school program School 2100 is a personality-oriented system aimed at the comprehensive disclosure of the child's personal qualities. UMK is designed in such a way that children have the opportunity to learn material of different levels of complexity. The educational materials of the program contain a large amount of additional information that the child can study on their own. The main advantage of "School 2100" is continuity and continuity of education. In other words, the program covers all levels of schooling, from elementary grades to graduation. Designed for a high level, so not all children can master it.

In Soviet times, schools offered the only educational program that was set for everyone from above. Since the nineties, the idea of ​​a variety of educational programs has arisen in the education system. Today, schools choose the most popular forms and programs of education, and parents, in turn, choose schools that are suitable for their children. What educational programs are offered to first-graders and their parents today?

Primary school program School of Russia - a classical general education program

The classic program, known to all students from the Land of the Soviets. There are no exceptions - it is designed for everyone. Slightly modernized with non-standard tasks and tasks that develop logical thinking, it is easily absorbed by children and does not present any particular problems. The goal is to educate the spiritual and moral principles in young citizens of Russia.

Features of the program School of Russia

• The development of such qualities as responsibility, tolerance, empathy, kindness, mutual assistance.
• Instilling skills related to work, health, life safety.
• Creation of problem situations for finding evidence, for making assumptions and formulating one's own conclusions, for subsequent comparison of the results obtained with the standard.

It is not necessary for a child to be a child prodigy - the program is available to everyone. However, the willingness to work in any situation and the ability to self-esteem will come in handy.

The Zankov Elementary School Program develops the individuality of the student

The purpose of the program is an impetus in the development of the child at a certain stage of education, the disclosure of individuality.

Features of the Zankov system program

• A large amount of theoretical knowledge that is given to the student.
• Fast paced material delivery.
• Equal importance of all items (there are no primary and less significant items).
• Building lessons through dialogue, search tasks, creative.
• A lot of logical problems in the mathematical course.
• Teaching the classification of objects, the allocation of primary and secondary.
• The presence of electives in computer science, foreign languages, economics.

For such a program, excellent preparedness of the student is necessary. At a minimum, the child had to attend kindergarten.

Elkonin-Davydov Primary School Program 2013 - Pros and Cons

Quite difficult, but interesting program for children. The goal is the formation of theoretical thinking. Learning to change oneself, put forward hypotheses, search for evidence and argumentation. As a result - the development of memory.

Features of the Elkonin-Davydov program

• The study of numbers in different number systems in a mathematical course.
• Word changes in Russian: instead of a verb - words-actions, instead of a noun - words-objects, etc.
• Learning to consider your actions and thoughts from the outside.
• Independent search for knowledge, and not memorization of school axioms.
• Considering the child's personal judgment as a test of thought, not a mistake.
• Slow pace of work.

Needed: attention to detail, thoroughness, ability to generalize.

Program 2100 Elementary School develops the intellectual abilities of students

This program is, first of all, the development of intelligence and ensuring the effective integration of the student into society.

Features of the program School 2100

• Most of the tasks are in printed format. It is required, for example, to finish something, enter the desired icon in the box, etc.
• Lots of logic puzzles.
• Training has several levels - for weak and strong students, taking into account the individual development of each. There is no comparison of children by development.
• Formation of readiness for work and continuous education, artistic perception, personal qualities for successful adaptation in society.
• Teaching the development of a general humanitarian and natural scientific worldview.

The program involves the exclusion of stress factors in the learning process, the creation of a comfortable environment to stimulate creative activity, the interconnection of all subjects among themselves.

Comfortable adaptation of first-graders with the program Primary school of the XXI century

The program is a gentle training option that has a very long adaptation period for first-graders. It is considered the least painful for children. According to the authors, the adaptation of the child occurs only by the end of the first grade, therefore, for the most part, in this period there will be drawing and coloring, a minimum of reading and mathematics.

Features of the program Primary school of the XXI century

• The main emphasis is on the development of thinking and imagination, in contrast to the classical school curriculum (memory and perception).
• Separate subjects are combined with each other (for example, the Russian language with literature).
• A lot of classes for the collective and team solution of certain problems.
• A large number of tasks, the purpose of which is to relieve stress in children.

Harmony program for elementary school - for the all-round development of the child

A program close to the Zankov system, but simplified.

Features of the program Harmony

• Emphasis on the versatile development of the individual, including logic, intelligence, creative and emotional development.
• Building a trusting student/teacher relationship.
• Teaching reasoning, building cause-and-effect relationships.
• A more complex program in a mathematical course.

There is an opinion that such a program is not suitable for a child who has difficulties with logic.

The Promising Elementary School Program - Is It Right for Your Child?

The goal is the development of logic and intelligence.

Features of the Promising Elementary School Program

• No need for cramming the theorems / axioms of modern textbooks.
• Additional extracurricular activities.
• In addition to the main subjects - another ten hours of sports, music, drawing.

This program does not require a child's superpowers - it is suitable for anyone.

The Planet of Knowledge program is aimed at developing the creative abilities of children

The main emphasis is on creative development, the humanities, and independence.

Features of the Planet of Knowledge program

• Writing fairy tales for children and independently creating illustrations for them.
• Creation of more serious projects - for example, presentations on certain topics.
• The division of tasks into a mandatory minimum and an educational part for those who wish.